A recent study examined trends in insect numbers based on archived reports on insect decline across the globe (but with the majority being from Europe and North America). They concluded that 40% of insects were on track to become extinct in the next few decades. Species at largest risk included butterflies and moths (Lepidoptera), bees and wasps (Hymenoptera), dragon- and damselflies (Odonata), and mayflies (Ephemeroptera). Interestingly, Dung Beetles specifically stood out amongst the beetles. All of these are essential providers of ecosystem services to the natural environment and to us.

To quote them: “The main drivers of species declines appear to be in order of importance:

i) habitat loss and conversion to intensive agriculture and urbanisation;

ii) pollution, mainly that by synthetic pesticides and fertilisers;

iii) biological factors, including pathogens and introduced species; and

iv) climate change” (the latter being only an issue for the tropics).